Statistics of Scalar Fields in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Based on Large-Eddy Simulations. Part II: Forced Convection     

Zbigniew Sorbjan 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,119(1):57-79

Forced convection in a quasi-steady atmospheric boundary layer is investigated based on a large-eddy simulation (LES) model. The performed simulations show that in the upper portion of the mixed layer the dimensionless (in terms of mixed layer scales) vertical gradients of temperature, humidity, and wind velocity depend on the dimensionless height z/z _i and the Reech number Rn. The peak values of variances and covariances at the top of the mixed layer, scaled in terms of the interfacial scales, are functions of the interfacial Richardson number Ri. As a result expressions for the entrainment rates, in the case when the interfacial layer has a finite depth, and a condition for the presence of moistening or drying regimes in the mixed layer, are derived. Profiles of dimensionless scalar moments in the mixed layer are proposed to be expressed in terms of two empirical similarity functions F _m and F _i , dependent on dimensionless height z/z _i , and the interfacial Richardson number Ri. The obtained similarity expressions adequately approximate the LES profiles of scalar statistics, and properly represent the impact of stability, shear, and entrainment. They are also consistent with the parameterization proposed for free convection in the first part of this paper.  相似文献   

深圳两次大雾天气过程对比分析及预报启示   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

孙石阳谢小敏  张小丽 《广西气象》2006,27(2):8-10,51

2005年2月23-25日和2006年3月6日深圳分别出现了一次大雾天气。从天气学角度对两次大雾过程的形成原因、特点进行对比分析，分析表明：大雾天气需在一定的形势场中出现并维持，近地面层气象要素场的变化会促进大雾的形成、维持和消失，而近地面层风场或温度场的改变除了与其环境、当地气候特征有关外，与大的形势场是分不开的。通过对比，对深圳大雾天气的生消和维持机制有一定了解，对预报本地大雾天气有指示作用，也为其它地区特别是沿海地区雾的预报提供借鉴。  相似文献   

桃仙机场雷雨转雨夹雪天气的分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

许彤  田丰 《广西气象》2006,27(4):34-36

通过对桃仙机场仅有的两次雷雨转雨夹雪天气过程的分析，总结出此类天气的形势特点，并初步得出此类天气预报的着眼点，为秋季飞行提供可靠的预报保障。  相似文献   

Simulation of a Stably Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layer Using One-Dimensional Turbulence     

Alan R. Kerstein  Scott Wunsch 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,118(2):325-356

One-dimensional turbulence (ODT) is a single-column simulation in which vertical motions are represented by an unsteady advective process, rather than their customary representation by a diffusive process. No space or time averaging of mesh-resolved motions is invoked. Molecular-transport scales can be resolved in ODT simulations of laboratory-scale flows, but this resolution of these scales is prohibitively expensive in ODT simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), except possibly in small subregions of a non-uniform mesh.Here, two methods for ODT simulation of the ABL on uniform meshes are described and applied to the GABLS (GEWEX Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study; GEWEX is the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment) stable boundary-layer intercomparison case. One method involves resolution of the roughness scale using a fixed eddy viscosity to represent subgrid motions. The other method, which is implemented at lower spatial resolution, involves a variable eddy viscosity determined by the local mesh-resolved flow, as in multi-dimensional large-eddy simulation (LES). When run at typical LES resolution, it reproduces some of the key high-resolution results, but its fidelity is lower in some important respects. It is concluded that a more elaborate empirically based representation of the subgrid physics, closely analogous to closures currently employed in LES of the ABL, might improve its performance substantially, yielding a cost-effective ABL simulation tool. Prospects for further application of ODT to the ABL, including possible use of ODT as a near-surface subgrid closure framework for general circulation modeling, are assessed.  相似文献   

Maximal Overlap Wavelet Statistical Analysis With Application to Atmospheric Turbulence     

Charles R. Cornish  Christopher S. Bretherton  Donald B. Percival 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,119(2):339-374

Statistical tools based on the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) are reviewed, and then applied to a dataset of aircraft observations of the atmospheric boundary layer from the tropical eastern Pacific, which includes quasi-stationary and non-stationary segments. The wavelet methods provide decompositions of variances and covariances, e.g. fluxes, between time scales that effectively describe a broadband process like atmospheric turbulence. Easily understood statistical confidence bounds are discussed and applied to these scale decompositions, and results are compared to Fourier methods for quasi-stationary turbulence. The least asymmetric LA(8) wavelet filter yields coefficients that exhibit better uncorrelatedness across scales than the Haar filter and is better suited for decomposition of broadband turbulent signals. An application to a non-stationary segment of our dataset, namely vertical profiles of the turbulent dissipation rate, highlights the flexibility of wavelet methods.  相似文献   

δ~(18)O record and temperature change over the past 100 years in ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Lonnie Thompson 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(1)

1 IntroductionMeteorological stations on the Tibetan Plateau are few in number and uneven in distribution, with a majority concentrated in the east and south. No stations exist so far within the large expanse in the middle or west of the Plateau. Moreover…  相似文献   

Multi-Layer Strain Rate Field Controlled by Netlike Plastic-Flow in the Lithosphere in Central-Eastern Asia     

Wang Sheng-zu 《中国地震研究》2006,20(3):326-338

INTRODUCTIONAccording to the“netlike plastic-flow (NPF)”continental dynamics model ( Wang, 1993a ,1993b; Wang,et al .,2001c) ,the continental lithosphere generally includes 4 tectonic deformationlayers frombottomtotop:the NPFlayer (i .e .thelowerlithosphere ,includingthelithospheric mantleandlower crust) ,the transitional weak layer distributed discontinuously (i .e .the so-called low-velocity/high-conductivitylayer) ,the shear fracturinglayer (i .e .the seismogenic layer inthe upperc…  相似文献   

大庆探区外围盆地中、新生代地层对比及四大勘探层系   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨建国吴河勇  刘俊来 《地质通报》2006,25(9):1088-1093

大庆外围盆地的区域对比与组合规律研究,对于揭示东北中、新生代盆地演化规律和拓展油气开发思路具有重要意义.利用岩性特征、古生物化石组合、同位素等资料,对大庆探区外围盆地中、新生代地层进行了对比,总结了地层发育的宏观规律,提出了中-上侏罗统、下白垩统、上白垩统和古近系四大勘探层系,为大庆探区外围盆地进一步的沉积、构造演化及石油地质研究提供了可靠的依据.  相似文献   

大面积深厚杂填土地基处理技术     

刘焕存  高凤莲  许珩 《岩土工程技术》2006,20(6):307-310

通过一项具体的工程实例,论述了深厚杂填土地基的基本工程特性。介绍了一种处理深厚杂填土地基的新技术———重锤冲扩挤密灰渣土桩复合地基技术,并对施工过程的控制,以及施工效果的检测结果进行了分析,得出了对于大面积深厚杂填土地基采用此技术处理后,能够消除地基深部湿陷性,复合地基承载力可以满足200 kPa。  相似文献   

上地幔超高压流体的金刚石压砧实验研究     

胡书敏  张荣华  张雪彤 《地质学报》2006,80(10):1588-1597

地球深部流体主要是NaCl-H2O溶液,越到地球深部,它赋存的温度、压力越高,性质状态也不断变化,反之,亦然。当NaCl-H2O流体进入和脱离(上升过程)超临界状态时,其性质会发生截然不同的变化,影响着各种地质过程。使用金刚石压砧在高温高压下原位观测流体的实验,用谱学方法,结合同步辐射光源技术,成为定量化研究地球深部高温超高压流体的有效方法。作者使用同步辐射光源的红外谱研究了10GPa下的NaCl-H2O溶液;在地球化学动力学实验室研究了3GPa,650℃下的NaCl-H2O溶液红外谱,此测量方法可以提供温度压力和体积等数据,能研究其状态。NaCl-H2O溶液红外谱表明水分子主要振动谱受压力和温度影响是不同的。压力增加促使水分子主要振动谱向低波数变化。但是温度增加的效应相反。常温高压下水被压缩,结晶向紧密堆积变化。高温高压下的水有气、液、固和超临界流体各相。水分子间的氢键在近临界态开始减弱,氢键网络被破坏。  相似文献